Шаман — различия между версиями

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== Шаманы в ролевых играх ==
 
== Шаманы в ролевых играх ==
 
В [[ролевая игра|ролевых играх]] шаман может являться как принятым в определённом [[сеттинг]]е или у какой-либо из культур сеттинга названием [[жрец]]а или [[друид]]а, так и самостоятельным [[класс]]ом [[персонаж]]а. Во всех случаях шаман связан с духами природы и мёртвых и обладает способностями к [[лечение|лечению]] и усилению своих товарищей по [[приключение|приключению]]. Традиционным [[оружие]]м шамана считаются [[копьё]] и [[дубина]].
 
В [[ролевая игра|ролевых играх]] шаман может являться как принятым в определённом [[сеттинг]]е или у какой-либо из культур сеттинга названием [[жрец]]а или [[друид]]а, так и самостоятельным [[класс]]ом [[персонаж]]а. Во всех случаях шаман связан с духами природы и мёртвых и обладает способностями к [[лечение|лечению]] и усилению своих товарищей по [[приключение|приключению]]. Традиционным [[оружие]]м шамана считаются [[копьё]] и [[дубина]].
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В 1978 году [[Phoenix Games]] выпустила книгу «[[The Book of Shamans]]» для системы [[Generic FRPG]], описывающую шаманов американских индейцев. Вероятно, это был первый ролевой продукт, посвящённый шаманам.
  
 
=== Dungeons & Dragons ===
 
=== Dungeons & Dragons ===
 
Шаман как [[базовый класс|базовый]] или [[вариантный класс]] встречается в различных [[редакция]]х [[Dungeons & Dragons]].
 
Шаман как [[базовый класс|базовый]] или [[вариантный класс]] встречается в различных [[редакция]]х [[Dungeons & Dragons]].
  
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=== Dungeons & Dragons ===
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==== Ранние редакции Dungeons & Dragons ====
 
Впервые в D&D шаман появился в [[дополнение|дополнении]] для [[сеттинг]]а [[Mystara]] «[[The Orcs of Thar]]» (1988 год), где описывались [[орк]]ские шаманы<ref name="HW">Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Prometheus Books. p. 142. ISBN 0-87975-653-5.</ref>. Правила для игры шаманом были включены в другое дополнение для Мистары — «[[The Golden Khan of Ethengar]]» (1989 год)<ref name="HW"/><ref>[http://www.trollandtoad.com/p128363.html «Golden Khan of Ethengar GAZ12 TSR 9246 D&D Gazetteer»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref><ref>[http://www.mystara.org/DND/GAZ12/ «GAZ12 — The Golden Khan of Ethengar»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref>. Затем класс был пересмотрен в «[[The Shadow Elves]]» (1990 год)<ref>[http://www.mystara.org/DND/GAZ13/ «GAZ13 — The Shadow Elves»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref>, а в «[[Atruaghin Clans]]» шаманами были названы жрецы атруагинской расы<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/vexetaman/prodlist.html&date=2009-10-25+23:56:39 «Product List of TSR Mystara Material»]. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref><ref>[http://www.trollandtoad.com/p140209.html «Atruaghin Clans GAZ14 TSR 9306 D&D Gazetteer»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref>.
 
Впервые в D&D шаман появился в [[дополнение|дополнении]] для [[сеттинг]]а [[Mystara]] «[[The Orcs of Thar]]» (1988 год), где описывались [[орк]]ские шаманы<ref name="HW">Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Prometheus Books. p. 142. ISBN 0-87975-653-5.</ref>. Правила для игры шаманом были включены в другое дополнение для Мистары — «[[The Golden Khan of Ethengar]]» (1989 год)<ref name="HW"/><ref>[http://www.trollandtoad.com/p128363.html «Golden Khan of Ethengar GAZ12 TSR 9246 D&D Gazetteer»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref><ref>[http://www.mystara.org/DND/GAZ12/ «GAZ12 — The Golden Khan of Ethengar»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref>. Затем класс был пересмотрен в «[[The Shadow Elves]]» (1990 год)<ref>[http://www.mystara.org/DND/GAZ13/ «GAZ13 — The Shadow Elves»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref>, а в «[[Atruaghin Clans]]» шаманами были названы жрецы атруагинской расы<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/vexetaman/prodlist.html&date=2009-10-25+23:56:39 «Product List of TSR Mystara Material»]. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref><ref>[http://www.trollandtoad.com/p140209.html «Atruaghin Clans GAZ14 TSR 9306 D&D Gazetteer»]. Retrieved 2008-07-06.</ref>.
  
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=== Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition ===
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==== Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition ====
 
В качестве полноценного класса шаман появился в дополнении для [[AD&D 2]], которое так и называлось — «[[Shaman]]» (1995 год)<ref name="AD&DShaman1.1">[http://www.waynesbooks.com/Accessories.html «Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) Accessories — Wayne’s World of Books»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref><ref name="AD&DShaman1.2">[http://www.rpgnow.com/product_info.php?products_id=17443&it=1&filters=0_0_1100 «RPGNow.com — Wizards of the Coast — Shaman»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref>. Описывались три варианта класса — шаман-одиночка ({{англ|Solitary Shaman}}), спиритуалист ({{англ|Spiritualist}}) и племенной шаман ({{англ|Tribal Shaman}}). Дополнение было привязано к [[сеттинг]]у [[Planescape]] и использовало нестандартную механику применения заклинаний. В дальнейшем эта система не получила развития, хотя и была кратко упомянута как источник сил одного из тёмных владык Равенлофта, правящего островом ужаса{{пояснение|требуется проверить, кто это}}.
 
В качестве полноценного класса шаман появился в дополнении для [[AD&D 2]], которое так и называлось — «[[Shaman]]» (1995 год)<ref name="AD&DShaman1.1">[http://www.waynesbooks.com/Accessories.html «Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) Accessories — Wayne’s World of Books»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref><ref name="AD&DShaman1.2">[http://www.rpgnow.com/product_info.php?products_id=17443&it=1&filters=0_0_1100 «RPGNow.com — Wizards of the Coast — Shaman»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref>. Описывались три варианта класса — шаман-одиночка ({{англ|Solitary Shaman}}), спиритуалист ({{англ|Spiritualist}}) и племенной шаман ({{англ|Tribal Shaman}}). Дополнение было привязано к [[сеттинг]]у [[Planescape]] и использовало нестандартную механику применения заклинаний. В дальнейшем эта система не получила развития, хотя и была кратко упомянута как источник сил одного из тёмных владык Равенлофта, правящего островом ужаса{{пояснение|требуется проверить, кто это}}.
  
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Класс «шаман» описывался также в книгах «[[Faith and Avatars]]», «[[Spells & Magic]]», «[[The Complete Barbarian’s Handbook]]», причём в каждом источнике — по-другому. Окончательно запутывало «шаманский вопрос» наличие в AD&D 2 кита «шаман», фигурирующего по крайней мере в шести книгах: «[[Masque of the Red Death]]», «[[The Complete Book of Humanoids]]»{{пояснение|в каких ещё?}}…
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Класс «шаман» описывался также в книгах «[[Faith and Avatars]]», «[[Spells & Magic]]», «[[The Complete Barbarian’s Handbook]]», причём в каждом источнике — по-своему. Окончательно запутывало «шаманский вопрос» наличие в AD&D 2 [[кит]]а «шаман», фигурирующего по крайней мере в шести книгах: «[[Masque of the Red Death]]», «[[The Complete Book of Humanoids]]»{{пояснение|в каких ещё?}}…
  
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==== D&D3 ====
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==== Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition ====
  
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Dungeons & Dragons v.3 (also known as the Third Edition Dungeons & Dragons) rulebooks included the following Shaman classes:
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В [[D&D 3.0]] шаман описывается в [[Oriental Adventures]]<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1"/>
  
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* Green Ronin Publishing released a 3.0 '''Shaman''' in '''The Shaman Handbook''' as part of their Master Class series. They cast divine spells spontaneously, like a sorcerer. The book also contains a number of Prestige Classes.
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The shaman in the Third Edition of the game is the new name given to the ''shukenja'' of the First Edition ''Oriental Adventures''. (A character class called the [[Shugenja (Dungeons & Dragons)|shugenja]] also appears in ''Oriental Adventures'' 3.0 which is a different, though similarly spellcasting class.) The shaman is considered the oriental equivalent of the [[Cleric (Dungeons & Dragons)|cleric]], although it also shares abilities with the [[Monk (Dungeons & Dragons)|monk]] and [[Druid (Dungeons & Dragons)|druid]] classes. Like clerics, shamans derive their spells from divine energy in general and from powerful entities; they propitiate spirits of an animistic religious system rather than deities, forces, or philosophies (although deities may also exist as extremely powerful spirits). These spirits embody the domains from which shamans gain powers and domain spells. A few domains are identical to clerical domains listed in the ''[[Player's Handbook]]''; some are unique to the shaman and have no direct equivalent to any clerical domain. Unlike a cleric, at higher levels a shaman can learn a third domain and prepare two domain spells per day for certain spell levels. In general, a shaman’s spell list is more nature-oriented than the cleric’s. Like the druid, it can gain an animal companion. Its attack progression is identical to a cleric’s, while it has a variety of unarmed combat feats similar to the monk. The 3.5 update to the class found in Dragon Magazine issue 318 (April 2004) improves the shaman’s combat prowess, such as by granting shamans the ability to inflict extra damage with their unarmed attacks, similar to those of monks.
  
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==== D&D3.5 ====
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The vanara, a monkey-like humanoid race also published in ''Oriental Adventures'', has Shaman as its favored class.
  
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Dungeons & Dragons v.3.5 (also known as Revised 3rd Edition or D&D3.5) rulebooks included the following Shaman classes:
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В дополнениях для [[D&D 3.5]] появилось несколько вариантов класса шамана:
  
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* '''''[[List of alternate Dungeons & Dragons classes#Other sourcebooks|Dragon Shaman]]''''' — introduced in the [[Player's Handbook II]]. Open to all races, the Dragon Shaman is primarily a physical combatant who gains dragon-like powers from the particular type (color) of dragon he aligns with and develops an affinity for. This character may employ medium armor, and gains some spell-like abilities.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=dnd/lists/class |title=Wizards.com - Consolidated Lists - Character Class Index |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>
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* [[Драконий шаман]] ({{англ|Dragon Shaman}}, появился в «[[Player’s Handbook II]]». Open to all races, the Dragon Shaman is primarily a physical combatant who gains dragon-like powers from the particular type (color) of dragon he aligns with and develops an affinity for. This character may employ medium armor, and gains some spell-like abilities.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=dnd/lists/class |title=Wizards.com - Consolidated Lists - Character Class Index |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>
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* '''''[[List of alternate Dungeons & Dragons classes#Other sourcebooks|Shaman]]''''' — introduced in the [[Oriental Adventures]] sourcebook. Shamans are divine spellcasters who draw their spells from the spirit world.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1"/>
 
  
 
* '''''[[List of alternate Dungeons & Dragons classes#Other sourcebooks|Spirit Shaman]]''''' — introduced in the [[Complete Divine]] sourcebook. Spirit Shamans are similar to druids in that they use the druidic spell list, but they cast spells spontaneously like a Sorcerer. Spirit Shamans have their own spirit guide and possess special abilities that affect spirits (such as incorporeal undead, fey, and elementals). Unlike Sorcerers, Spirit Shamans may change their spell selection whenever they meditate to regain their daily allotment of spells.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1"/>
 
* '''''[[List of alternate Dungeons & Dragons classes#Other sourcebooks|Spirit Shaman]]''''' — introduced in the [[Complete Divine]] sourcebook. Spirit Shamans are similar to druids in that they use the druidic spell list, but they cast spells spontaneously like a Sorcerer. Spirit Shamans have their own spirit guide and possess special abilities that affect spirits (such as incorporeal undead, fey, and elementals). Unlike Sorcerers, Spirit Shamans may change their spell selection whenever they meditate to regain their daily allotment of spells.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1"/>
  
 
* '''''[[List of alternate Dungeons & Dragons classes#Other sourcebooks|Totemist]]''''' — introduced in the [[Magic of Incarnum]] sourcebook. Totemists revere magical beasts, such as worgs and unicorns, whom they see as the most powerful forces of nature. They shape incarnum, the material of souls, to make magical items based around magical beasts, such as Displacer Mantles. Totemist is the favored class of Dusklings.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1"/>
 
* '''''[[List of alternate Dungeons & Dragons classes#Other sourcebooks|Totemist]]''''' — introduced in the [[Magic of Incarnum]] sourcebook. Totemists revere magical beasts, such as worgs and unicorns, whom they see as the most powerful forces of nature. They shape incarnum, the material of souls, to make magical items based around magical beasts, such as Displacer Mantles. Totemist is the favored class of Dusklings.<ref name="D&D3.5Shaman1"/>
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* UKG Publishing released a 3.5 '''Shaman''' in '''The Enduring: Witches & Shaman''' in June 2007. It uses the same advancement and spellcasting progression as a druid, but (instead of ''wildshape'') gains [[lycanthropic]] abilities as it progresses, becoming a were-shaman (a natural [[Lycanthropy (disambiguation)|lycanthrope]]) at upper levels.
 
  
 
==== D&D4 ====
 
==== D&D4 ====
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Along with damage, Shaman attacks carry some type of rider effect that either benefit allies or harm enemies next to the companion spirit, such as temporary hit points or a bonus to attack rolls. Additionally, allies next to the spirit can gain additional [[hit points]] when the Shaman uses her healing abilities. This allows the Shaman to use the spirit as a mobile source of aid, able to be moved to where it is most useful. Since she must consider the positioning of two entities rather than one, and is able to use both ranged and melee attacks from two sources, the Shaman is a complex Leader class to play.<ref>[http://cbpye.net/wp/2009/02/09/4e-shaman-preview-phb2/ Review: 4e Shaman Preview<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Along with damage, Shaman attacks carry some type of rider effect that either benefit allies or harm enemies next to the companion spirit, such as temporary hit points or a bonus to attack rolls. Additionally, allies next to the spirit can gain additional [[hit points]] when the Shaman uses her healing abilities. This allows the Shaman to use the spirit as a mobile source of aid, able to be moved to where it is most useful. Since she must consider the positioning of two entities rather than one, and is able to use both ranged and melee attacks from two sources, the Shaman is a complex Leader class to play.<ref>[http://cbpye.net/wp/2009/02/09/4e-shaman-preview-phb2/ Review: 4e Shaman Preview<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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=== ''Dungeons & Dragons'' 3rd edition (2000—2007) ===
 
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The '''Shaman''' is a character class in the ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' [[Editions of Dungeons & Dragons#3.0 edition|3.0 edition]] that was introduced in the [[Oriental Adventures#3rd edition era|''Oriental Adventures'']] campaign supplement.
 
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The shaman in the Third Edition of the game is the new name given to the ''shukenja'' of the First Edition ''Oriental Adventures''. (A character class called the [[Shugenja (Dungeons & Dragons)|shugenja]] also appears in ''Oriental Adventures'' 3.0 which is a different, though similarly spellcasting class.) The shaman is considered the oriental equivalent of the [[Cleric (Dungeons & Dragons)|cleric]], although it also shares abilities with the [[Monk (Dungeons & Dragons)|monk]] and [[Druid (Dungeons & Dragons)|druid]] classes. Like clerics, shamans derive their spells from divine energy in general and from powerful entities; they propitiate spirits of an animistic religious system rather than deities, forces, or philosophies (although deities may also exist as extremely powerful spirits). These spirits embody the domains from which shamans gain powers and domain spells. A few domains are identical to clerical domains listed in the ''[[Player's Handbook]]''; some are unique to the shaman and have no direct equivalent to any clerical domain. Unlike a cleric, at higher levels a shaman can learn a third domain and prepare two domain spells per day for certain spell levels. In general, a shaman’s spell list is more nature-oriented than the cleric’s. Like the druid, it can gain an animal companion. Its attack progression is identical to a cleric’s, while it has a variety of unarmed combat feats similar to the monk. The 3.5 update to the class found in Dragon Magazine issue 318 (April 2004) improves the shaman’s combat prowess, such as by granting shamans the ability to inflict extra damage with their unarmed attacks, similar to those of monks.
 
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The vanara, a monkey-like humanoid race also published in ''Oriental Adventures'', has Shaman as its favored class.
 
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Green Ronin Publishing released a 3.0 '''Shaman''' in '''The Shaman Handbook''' as part of their Master Class series. They cast divine spells spontaneously, like a sorcerer. The book also contains a number of Prestige Classes.
 
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UKG Publishing released a 3.5 '''Shaman''' in '''The Enduring: Witches & Shaman''' in June 2007. It uses the same advancement and spellcasting progression as a druid, but (instead of ''wildshape'') gains lycanthropic abilities as it progresses, becoming a were-shaman (a natural lycanthrope) at upper levels.
 
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=== ''Dungeons & Dragons'' 4th edition (2008-) ===
 
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The Shaman <ref>[http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=dnd/4ex/20080421a 4th Edition Excerpts: Warlord<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://forums.gleemax.com/showpost.php?p=15873273&postcount=3951 Wizards Community — View Single Post — The one and only «Ask the Realms authors/designers thread» 3<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> is among the classes included in the 4th edition ''Player’s Handbook 2'' (March 2009).<ref>http://www.amazon.com/dp/0786952881</ref> The Shaman class has the Primal power source and the Leader role, and has a clear link with the primal spirits of the earth; most of her powers call upon or otherwise make use of [[spirit]]s. Continuing with this spiritual link, all Shamans receive a Spirit Companion—the class is distinctive for being the only Fourth Edition class to have a companion as a standard feature. While it may have any appearance the player wishes, the flavor and artwork included in the book depict it as an animal spirit, and the provided Shaman builds are named after possible appearances (Panther and Bear). Many of the Shaman’s powers use the Spirit keyword, meaning they use the spirit as their origin point and derive line of sight and effect from it; these are flavored as the Shaman commanding the spirit to attack her enemies. The Shaman can even use opportunity actions to attack enemies moving past the spirit, giving it the mechanical feeling of an ally actively engaged in combat.
 
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Along with damage, Shaman attacks carry some type of rider effect that either benefit allies or harm enemies next to the companion spirit, such as temporary hit points or a bonus to attack rolls. Additionally, allies next to the spirit can gain additional [[hit points]] when the Shaman uses his healing abilities. This allows the Shaman to use the spirit as a mobile source of aid, able to be moved to where it is most useful. Since he must consider the positioning of two entities rather than one, and is able to use both ranged and melee attacks from two sources, the Shaman is a complex Leader class to play.<ref>[GURPS]]p://cbpye.net/wp/2009/02/09/4e-shaman-preview-phb2/ Review: 4e Shaman Preview<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
  
 
=== [[d20 System]] ===
 
=== [[d20 System]] ===
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* A '''''Bone Shaman''''' class was specified in «The Lost Classes Codex» in 2006.<ref name="d20Shaman4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rpgnow.com/product_info.php?products_id=3843&it=1 |title=RPGNow.com - LPJ Design - Lost Classes Codex|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>
 
* A '''''Bone Shaman''''' class was specified in «The Lost Classes Codex» in 2006.<ref name="d20Shaman4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rpgnow.com/product_info.php?products_id=3843&it=1 |title=RPGNow.com - LPJ Design - Lost Classes Codex|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>
 
* The '''''Fairy Witch''''' and '''''Were-Shaman''''' classes, as well as '''''The Hexmaster''''', '''''Spirit Warrior''''' and '''''Witch Doctor''''' prestige classes, were specified in «The Enduring: Witches and Shamans» in 2007.<ref name="d20Shaman5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rpgnow.com/product_info.php?products_id=28093&it=1&filters=0_0_1100 |title=RPGNow.com - UKG Publishing - The Enduring: Witches and Shamans |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>
 
* The '''''Fairy Witch''''' and '''''Were-Shaman''''' classes, as well as '''''The Hexmaster''''', '''''Spirit Warrior''''' and '''''Witch Doctor''''' prestige classes, were specified in «The Enduring: Witches and Shamans» in 2007.<ref name="d20Shaman5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rpgnow.com/product_info.php?products_id=28093&it=1&filters=0_0_1100 |title=RPGNow.com - UKG Publishing - The Enduring: Witches and Shamans |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>
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* Green Ronin Publishing released a 3.0 '''Shaman''' in '''The Shaman Handbook''' (2002) as part of their Master Class series. They cast divine spells spontaneously, like a sorcerer. The book also contains a number of Prestige Classes.
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* UKG Publishing released a 3.5 '''Shaman''' in '''The Enduring: Witches & Shaman''' in June 2007. It uses the same advancement and spellcasting progression as a druid, but (instead of ''wildshape'') gains [[lycanthropic]] abilities as it progresses, becoming a were-shaman (a natural [[Lycanthropy (disambiguation)|lycanthrope]]) at upper levels.
  
 
The Shaman; OtherWorld Creations: d20 3.5 (2006)
 
The Shaman; OtherWorld Creations: d20 3.5 (2006)
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The Shaman's Handbook; Green Ronin Publishing: d20 3 (2002)
 
  
 
Shamans: The Call of the Wild; Mongoose Publishing: d20 3 (2002)
 
Shamans: The Call of the Wild; Mongoose Publishing: d20 3 (2002)
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=== Warhammer Fantasy ===
 
=== Warhammer Fantasy ===
 
В мире [[Warhammer Fantasy]] шаманы имеются в племенах зеленокожих — орков и гоблинов.
 
В мире [[Warhammer Fantasy]] шаманы имеются в племенах зеленокожих — орков и гоблинов.
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The Book of Shamans; Phoenix Games (1978) - вероятно, первая ролевая игра, где фигурируют шаманы. A new character class for "Generic FRPG": the American Indian shaman. Includes 9 levels of spells for the new class.
 
  
 
=== MMORPG ===
 
=== MMORPG ===
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Класс шамана также часто встречается в [[MMORPG]]: {{ruw|Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures}} (медвежий шаман ({{англ|Bear Shaman}}))<ref name="AgeofConanShaman1">[http://community.ageofconan.com/wsp/conan/frontend.cgi?func=publish.show&template=content&func_id=2273&table=CONTENT «Age Of Conan: Hyborian Adventures»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref><ref name="AgeofConanShaman2">[http://aoc.wikia.com/wiki/Bear_Shaman «Bear Shaman — AoCWiki»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref>; {{ruw|EverQuest}}<ref name="EverQuestShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://everquest.station.sony.com/ |title=EverQuest MMORPG|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="EverQuestShaman2">{{Cite web|url=http://eq.knowledgepit.org/wiki/index.php?title=Shaman |title=Shaman EQ KnowledgePit|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>; {{ruw|EverQuest II}} (два вида шаманов - мистик ({{англ|Mystic}}) и опустошитель ({{англ|Defiler}}))<ref name="EverQuestIIShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://everquest2.station.sony.com/classes.vm |title=EverQuest II MMORPG|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>; {{enw|Vanguard: Saga of Heroes}}<ref name="VanguardShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardmmorpg.com/vanguard_classes_shaman.php |title=Vanguard Shaman |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="VanguardShaman2">{{Cite web|url=http://vanguard.tentonhammer.com/index.php?module=ContentExpress&func=display&ceid=479 |title=Vanguard at Ten Ton Hammer |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>; {{ruw|World of Warcraft}}<ref>http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/classes/shaman/</ref><ref name="WorldofWarcraftShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/classes/shaman/ |title=WoW.com -> Info -> Classes -> Shaman |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="WorldofWarcraftShaman2">{{Cite web|url=http://wow.stratics.com/content/features/guides/shaman/ |title=World of Warcraft - Shaman Guide |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>.
+
Класс шамана также часто встречается в [[MMORPG]]: {{ruw|Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures}} (медвежий шаман ({{англ|Bear Shaman}}))<ref name="AgeofConanShaman1">[http://community.ageofconan.com/wsp/conan/frontend.cgi?func=publish.show&template=content&func_id=2273&table=CONTENT «Age Of Conan: Hyborian Adventures»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref><ref name="AgeofConanShaman2">[http://aoc.wikia.com/wiki/Bear_Shaman «Bear Shaman — AoCWiki»]. Retrieved 2008-06-07.</ref>; {{ruw|EverQuest}}<ref name="EverQuestShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://everquest.station.sony.com/ |title=EverQuest MMORPG|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="EverQuestShaman2">{{Cite web|url=http://eq.knowledgepit.org/wiki/index.php?title=Shaman |title=Shaman EQ KnowledgePit|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>; {{ruw|EverQuest II}} (два вида шаманов — мистик ({{англ|Mystic}}) и опустошитель ({{англ|Defiler}}))<ref name="EverQuestIIShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://everquest2.station.sony.com/classes.vm |title=EverQuest II MMORPG|accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>; {{enw|Vanguard: Saga of Heroes}}<ref name="VanguardShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardmmorpg.com/vanguard_classes_shaman.php |title=Vanguard Shaman |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="VanguardShaman2">{{Cite web|url=http://vanguard.tentonhammer.com/index.php?module=ContentExpress&func=display&ceid=479 |title=Vanguard at Ten Ton Hammer |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>; {{ruw|World of Warcraft}}<ref>http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/classes/shaman/</ref><ref name="WorldofWarcraftShaman1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/classes/shaman/ |title=WoW.com -> Info -> Classes -> Shaman |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref><ref name="WorldofWarcraftShaman2">{{Cite web|url=http://wow.stratics.com/content/features/guides/shaman/ |title=World of Warcraft - Shaman Guide |accessdate=2008-06-07}}</ref>.
  
 
== Интересные факты ==
 
== Интересные факты ==
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{{wikipedia|Шаман}}
 
{{wikipedia|Шаман}}
  
 
[[Категория:Классы]]
 
[[Категория:Классы]]

Версия 19:32, 12 июня 2011

Wiki2.png Эта статья в данный момент активно редактируется участником Gereint.
При редактировании её в этот момент могут возникнуть конфликты редактирования.

Шама́н — человек, который согласно верованиям наделён способностями общаться с духами и сверхъестественными силами, входя в экстатическое состояние.

Деятельность шамана

Жизнь шамана связана с совершением специальной работы в мире духов — лечением болезней, «укрощением огня», вызовом дождя, беседами с умершими и т. п. Шаманская практика отличается от первобытной магии тем, что магия направлена на искусственное изменение мира своей волей, в то время как шаман опирается на природные силы и является их проводником.

Шаманский обряд всегда предполагал особое внешнее оформление. Специально сооружённая хижина символизировала собой островок «шаманской» земли — маленькой вселенной. Шаманские действия и ритуалы (камлания) осуществляются во время экстатического транса, при этом, как правило, используется бубен, барабан или особые танцы и заклинания. Считалось, что во время камлания душа шамана покидает тело и путешествует по другим мирам.

Происхождение слова

Слово «шаман» взято из тунгусо-маньчжурских языков и связано с глаголом «са» — «знать». У эвенков использовалось слово «саман», у ненцев — «тадебей», у бурят — «боо», у кетов — «сенин», у алтайцев — «кам». От тюрского «кам» произошло слово «камлание», обозначающее обрядовое действие шамана. В России слово появилось в XVII веке, в письменных сообщениях русских служилых людей из Сибири. Затем оно попало в Европу через иностранцев, ездивших в составе русского посольства Петра I в Китай через Сибирь. Слово получило распространение во многих языках (обычно записывается латиницей как «Shaman»).

Шаманы в ролевых играх

В ролевых играх шаман может являться как принятым в определённом сеттинге или у какой-либо из культур сеттинга названием жреца или друида, так и самостоятельным классом персонажа. Во всех случаях шаман связан с духами природы и мёртвых и обладает способностями к лечению и усилению своих товарищей по приключению. Традиционным оружием шамана считаются копьё и дубина.

В 1978 году Phoenix Games выпустила книгу «The Book of Shamans» для системы Generic FRPG, описывающую шаманов американских индейцев. Вероятно, это был первый ролевой продукт, посвящённый шаманам.

Dungeons & Dragons

Шаман как базовый или вариантный класс встречается в различных редакциях Dungeons & Dragons.

Ранние редакции Dungeons & Dragons

Впервые в D&D шаман появился в дополнении для сеттинга Mystara «The Orcs of Thar» (1988 год), где описывались оркские шаманы[1]. Правила для игры шаманом были включены в другое дополнение для Мистары — «The Golden Khan of Ethengar» (1989 год)[1][2][3]. Затем класс был пересмотрен в «The Shadow Elves» (1990 год)[4], а в «Atruaghin Clans» шаманами были названы жрецы атруагинской расы[5][6].

Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition

В качестве полноценного класса шаман появился в дополнении для AD&D 2, которое так и называлось — «Shaman» (1995 год)[7][8]. Описывались три варианта класса — шаман-одиночка (англ. Solitary Shaman), спиритуалист (англ. Spiritualist) и племенной шаман (англ. Tribal Shaman). Дополнение было привязано к сеттингу Planescape и использовало нестандартную механику применения заклинаний. В дальнейшем эта система не получила развития, хотя и была кратко упомянута как источник сил одного из тёмных владык Равенлофта, правящего островом ужаса[требуется проверить, кто это].

Класс «шаман» описывался также в книгах «Faith and Avatars», «Spells & Magic», «The Complete Barbarian’s Handbook», причём в каждом источнике — по-своему. Окончательно запутывало «шаманский вопрос» наличие в AD&D 2 кита «шаман», фигурирующего по крайней мере в шести книгах: «Masque of the Red Death», «The Complete Book of Humanoids»[в каких ещё?]…

Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition

В D&D 3.0 шаман описывается в Oriental Adventures[9]

The shaman in the Third Edition of the game is the new name given to the shukenja of the First Edition Oriental Adventures. (A character class called the shugenja also appears in Oriental Adventures 3.0 which is a different, though similarly spellcasting class.) The shaman is considered the oriental equivalent of the cleric, although it also shares abilities with the monk and druid classes. Like clerics, shamans derive their spells from divine energy in general and from powerful entities; they propitiate spirits of an animistic religious system rather than deities, forces, or philosophies (although deities may also exist as extremely powerful spirits). These spirits embody the domains from which shamans gain powers and domain spells. A few domains are identical to clerical domains listed in the Player's Handbook; some are unique to the shaman and have no direct equivalent to any clerical domain. Unlike a cleric, at higher levels a shaman can learn a third domain and prepare two domain spells per day for certain spell levels. In general, a shaman’s spell list is more nature-oriented than the cleric’s. Like the druid, it can gain an animal companion. Its attack progression is identical to a cleric’s, while it has a variety of unarmed combat feats similar to the monk. The 3.5 update to the class found in Dragon Magazine issue 318 (April 2004) improves the shaman’s combat prowess, such as by granting shamans the ability to inflict extra damage with their unarmed attacks, similar to those of monks.

The vanara, a monkey-like humanoid race also published in Oriental Adventures, has Shaman as its favored class.

В дополнениях для D&D 3.5 появилось несколько вариантов класса шамана:

  • Драконий шаман (англ. Dragon Shaman, появился в «Player’s Handbook II». Open to all races, the Dragon Shaman is primarily a physical combatant who gains dragon-like powers from the particular type (color) of dragon he aligns with and develops an affinity for. This character may employ medium armor, and gains some spell-like abilities.[9]
  • Spirit Shaman — introduced in the Complete Divine sourcebook. Spirit Shamans are similar to druids in that they use the druidic spell list, but they cast spells spontaneously like a Sorcerer. Spirit Shamans have their own spirit guide and possess special abilities that affect spirits (such as incorporeal undead, fey, and elementals). Unlike Sorcerers, Spirit Shamans may change their spell selection whenever they meditate to regain their daily allotment of spells.[9]
  • Totemist — introduced in the Magic of Incarnum sourcebook. Totemists revere magical beasts, such as worgs and unicorns, whom they see as the most powerful forces of nature. They shape incarnum, the material of souls, to make magical items based around magical beasts, such as Displacer Mantles. Totemist is the favored class of Dusklings.[9]

D&D4

Dungeons & Dragons v.4 (also known as Dungeons & Dragons 4th Edition or D&D4) rulebooks included the following Shaman classes:

The Shaman [10][11] is among the classes included in the 4th edition Player’s Handbook 2 (March 2009).[12] The Shaman class has the Primal power source and the Leader role, and has a clear link with the primal spirits of the earth; most of her powers call upon or otherwise make use of spirits. Continuing with this spiritual link, all Shamans receive a Spirit Companion—the class is distinctive for being the only Fourth Edition class to have a companion as a standard feature. While it may have any appearance the player wishes, the flavor and artwork included in the book depict it as an animal spirit, and the provided Shaman builds are named after possible appearances (Panther and Bear). Many of the Shaman’s powers use the Spirit keyword, meaning they use the spirit as their origin point and derive line of sight and effect from it; these are flavored as the Shaman commanding the spirit to attack her enemies. The Shaman can even use opportunity actions to attack enemies moving past the spirit, giving it the mechanical feeling of an ally actively engaged in combat.

Along with damage, Shaman attacks carry some type of rider effect that either benefit allies or harm enemies next to the companion spirit, such as temporary hit points or a bonus to attack rolls. Additionally, allies next to the spirit can gain additional hit points when the Shaman uses her healing abilities. This allows the Shaman to use the spirit as a mobile source of aid, able to be moved to where it is most useful. Since she must consider the positioning of two entities rather than one, and is able to use both ranged and melee attacks from two sources, the Shaman is a complex Leader class to play.[13]

d20 System

The d20 System is an open source role playing game system. As such, various sources have created versions of Shaman and Shaman-like classes:
  • A Shaman class was specified in «The Shaman’s Handbook» in 2002.[14]
  • A Shaman class was specified in «The Hamlet of Thumble» in 2003.[15]
  • A Shaman class was specified in «The Shaman» prior to March, 2006.[16]
  • A Bone Shaman class was specified in «The Lost Classes Codex» in 2006.[17]
  • The Fairy Witch and Were-Shaman classes, as well as The Hexmaster, Spirit Warrior and Witch Doctor prestige classes, were specified in «The Enduring: Witches and Shamans» in 2007.[18]
  • Green Ronin Publishing released a 3.0 Shaman in The Shaman Handbook (2002) as part of their Master Class series. They cast divine spells spontaneously, like a sorcerer. The book also contains a number of Prestige Classes.
  • UKG Publishing released a 3.5 Shaman in The Enduring: Witches & Shaman in June 2007. It uses the same advancement and spellcasting progression as a druid, but (instead of wildshape) gains lycanthropic abilities as it progresses, becoming a were-shaman (a natural lycanthrope) at upper levels.

The Shaman; OtherWorld Creations: d20 3.5 (2006)

Shamans: The Call of the Wild; Mongoose Publishing: d20 3 (2002)

Ars Magica

The Hidden Paths: Shamans (1993)

GURPS

В системе GURPS шаман описывается в дополнении «Dungeon Fantasy: Summoners» из серии GURPS Dungeon Fantasy.

EverQuest RPG

MtA

World of Warcraft RPG

Warhammer Fantasy

В мире Warhammer Fantasy шаманы имеются в племенах зеленокожих — орков и гоблинов.

MMORPG

Класс шамана также часто встречается в MMORPG: Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures (медвежий шаман (англ. Bear Shaman))[19][20]; EverQuest[21][22]; EverQuest II (два вида шаманов — мистик (англ. Mystic) и опустошитель (англ. Defiler))[23]; Vanguard: Saga of Heroes[24][25]; World of Warcraft[26][27][28].

Интересные факты

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Schick, Lawrence (1991). Heroic Worlds: A History and Guide to Role-Playing Games. Prometheus Books. p. 142. ISBN 0-87975-653-5.
  2. ↑ «Golden Khan of Ethengar GAZ12 TSR 9246 D&D Gazetteer». Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  3. ↑ «GAZ12 — The Golden Khan of Ethengar». Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  4. ↑ «GAZ13 — The Shadow Elves». Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  5. ↑ «Product List of TSR Mystara Material». Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  6. ↑ «Atruaghin Clans GAZ14 TSR 9306 D&D Gazetteer». Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  7. ↑ «Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) Accessories — Wayne’s World of Books». Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  8. ↑ «RPGNow.com — Wizards of the Coast — Shaman». Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Wizards.com - Consolidated Lists - Character Class Index. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  10. ↑ 4th Edition Excerpts: Warlord
  11. ↑ Wizards Community — View Single Post — The one and only «Ask the Realms authors/designers thread» 3
  12. ↑ http://www.amazon.com/dp/0786952881
  13. ↑ Review: 4e Shaman Preview
  14. ↑ Shaman's Handbook, The (2002) ::Pen & Paper RPG Database. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  15. ↑ The Hamlet of Thumble - RPG Reviews. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  16. ↑ RPGNow.com - OtherWorld Creations - The Shaman. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  17. ↑ RPGNow.com - LPJ Design - Lost Classes Codex. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  18. ↑ RPGNow.com - UKG Publishing - The Enduring: Witches and Shamans. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  19. ↑ «Age Of Conan: Hyborian Adventures». Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  20. ↑ «Bear Shaman — AoCWiki». Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  21. ↑ EverQuest MMORPG. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  22. ↑ Shaman EQ KnowledgePit. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  23. ↑ EverQuest II MMORPG. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  24. ↑ Vanguard Shaman. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  25. ↑ Vanguard at Ten Ton Hammer. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  26. ↑ http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/classes/shaman/
  27. ↑ WoW.com -> Info -> Classes -> Shaman. Проверено 7 июня 2008.
  28. ↑ World of Warcraft - Shaman Guide. Проверено 7 июня 2008.


Puzzle Dice.svg Это незавершённая статья.
Вы очень поможете проекту, если решите исправить и дописать её.


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