Редактирование: Pathfinder/зеркало

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'''Pathfinder''' (полное название '''Pathfinder Roleplaying Game''') — [[ролевая игра]], издаваемая компанией [[Paizo Publishing]]. Представляет собой расширенную и модифицированную версию правил [[D&D3.5|Dungeons &amp; Dragons редакции 3.5]], опубликованных по [[Open Game License]]. Pathfinder задумывалась как игра, [[обратная совместимость|обратно совместимая]] с правилами трёхсполовинной редакции, но при этом исправляющая её недостатки<ref name="FAQ">[http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/faq Pathfinder RPG Frequently Asked Question]. Проверено 11 января 2011.</ref>.

О начале разработки Pathfinder было объявлено в марте 2008 года, а выход игры состоялся в августе 2009 года. Начиная с третьего квартала 2010 года Pathfinder Roleplaying Game, согласно исследованиям сайта ICv2, занимает первое место по продажам и мировой популярности, обойдя [[D&D 4|четвёртую редакцию Dungeons & Dragons]].

== Цели создания ==
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Lead Designer [[Jason Bulmahn]] described the following as the primary design goals of the ''Pathfinder RPG'':<ref name="announcement">{{cite web |url=http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG |title=Paizo Publishing Announces the Pathfinder RPG |accessdate=2008-07-10}}</ref>

=== Added options ===
Bulmahn felt that the basic classes of D&D 3.5 are lackluster, and do not provide incentive to stay with a single class for 20 levels of play.<ref name="announcement" /> ''Pathfinder'' adds options to the classes and boosts their abilities in their core roles.<ref name="announcement" /> A few of these changes are:
* There are around 50 % more feats to choose from, all characters gain a feat every other level instead of every 3rd, and classes with «bonus feats» have a wider selection of them.
* Core features of most classes have more uses, or are usable more often. For example, 0-level spells (arcane «[[cantrip]]s» and divine «orisons») are not expended when cast; barbarians gain special abilities while raging; cleric domains gain a second power at 4th, 6th or 8th level; druids who do not select an animal companion are instead entitled to one nature or element based domain, the paladin’s lay on hands can cure various conditions; the rogue’s sneak attack works against constructs, plants and undead; and wizards gain abilities based on their specialization (including the universal «specialization»).
* The cleric’s turn or rebuke undead is replaced with the ability to channel positive or negative energy, which is used to heal creatures or harm living or undead creatures depending on your alignment. This reduces the need for spontaneous casting of heal or inflict spells, effectively giving clerics more spells per day. Turn and command undead are still available through feats. Bards, paladins and rangers also get more spells per day.
* Every character gains something at every level beyond base attack bonus and save progressions. For example, fighters get bravery and armor and weapon training, and rogues get «talents», like the 3.5 special rogue abilities but even before 10th level.
* Some classes have entirely new features. For example the ranger has favored terrains, and the sorcerer chooses a bloodline that grants bonus spells, feats, and abilities.
* Classes that get a creature cohort (such as a familiar or animal companion) can choose something else instead; for example druids can choose a nature-themed cleric domain, and wizards can have a focus object that allows them to cast a spell spontaneously.
* Most classes have a «capstone ability» at 20th level to encourage players to reach 20th level in one class, for example bards can kill with their performance and paladins' smite evil can act like a ''banishment'' spell.

=== Compatibility ===
''Pathfinder RPG'' is intended to be compatible with the extensive body of expansion materials available for D&D 3.5.<ref name="announcement" /> In most cases this means adding rules instead of subtracting. This compatibility is not perfect: a 16-page guide (which can be downloaded from [[Paizo]]'s website) is necessary to convert a 3.5 character into a ''Pathfinder'' character, and sometimes this goal was broken to meet other goals.<ref name="announcement" /><ref name="compatibility">{{cite web|url=http://sob.apotheon.org/?p=461 |title=What does "compatibility" mean for Pathfinder? |publisher=Sob.apotheon.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-03}}</ref>

=== Modifications to the game ===
The game is modified compared to D&D 3.5 to clean up and streamline problematic parts of the game.<ref name="announcement" /> New options were added.<ref name="announcement" /> Changes were made to improve balance between different game elements.<ref name="announcement" /> For example:
* The hit die for each class is tied to the base attack bonus progression (except for the barbarian’s d12), meaning the bard, ranger, rogue, wizard and sorcerer all have bigger hit dice, improving the survivability of these classes, especially in low level games.
* The rules for non-damaging «combat maneuvers» such as trip, disarm and bull rush, which are slow and complex in 3.5, are simplified and unified. Characters simply have a Combat Maneuver Bonus (CMB) which they roll against the defender’s Combat Maneuver Defense (CMD).
* Polymorph spells are greatly simplified, with new groups of spells such as ''beast shape N'' and ''elemental body N'' replacing the 3.5 wild shape rules. Shape changing characters are no longer effectively required to maintain separate character sheets for each of their different forms, nor frequently consult the ''Bestiary''. The changes also counter the fact that, in 3.5, wild shape and other shape changing abilities became more useful with each new monster book.
* The skill system is simplified, as are the multi-classing rules. Characters simply get a +3 bonus for trained class skills; characters receive skill ranks instead of points, which they can invest equally in class and cross-class skills. Several groups of skills are merged, such as Listen, Search and Spot (now just Perception).
* Characters never lose experience. Crafting does not require XP, and XP costs for spells are replaced by suitably expensive material components; while level loss is replaced by permanent negative levels, which are expensive to cure. In addition, there is no XP penalty for multi-classing; this penalty for taking many classes is replaced with a benefit of extra skill ranks or hit points for taking one class.
* Characters die less easily: a character dies at a number of negative hit points equal to his Constitution; stabilization happens on a DC 10 Constitution check; and the threshold for death from massive damage is higher for characters with more hit points.

== История ==
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== Open playtesting ==
The ''Pathfinder RPG'''s playtesting was the largest open roleplaying game playtest in the world at the time.<ref>[http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG Pathfinder RPG Main Page].</ref> It was released in a number of steps, and anyone could contribute to the playtesting on [[Paizo Publishing]]'s messageboards. The beta release won the 2008 gold ENnie award for «best free product or web enhancement».<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/14/14126.phtml |title=Review of Pathfinder Beta |publisher=RPGnet d20 |date=2007-10-23 |accessdate=2010-07-23}}</ref>

== Публикации ==
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== Rulebooks and expansions ==
There are several rulebooks and expansions for the game:
* ''Pathfinder RPG Core Rulebook'': This 576-page hardback book serves as the basis for current and future Paizo Adventure Path publications and an [[Open Game License|OGL]] stand-alone replacement for the out of print [[Dungeons & Dragons|D&D]] 3.0 and 3.5 books published by [[Wizards of the Coast]]. Initial demand for the core rulebook significantly outstripped the publisher’s expectations, and the first print run was sold out ten days before the release date.<ref name="soldout">{{cite web |title=Paizo News: Pathfinder RPG Core Rulebook Sold Out! |url=http://sob.apotheon.org/?p=1462}}</ref>
* ''Advanced Player’s Guide'': This 320-page book contains expanded rules, new classes, feats, spells, equipment and combat abilities. It was released in August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paizo.com/store/byCompany/p/paizoPublishingLLC/pathfinder/pathfinderRPG/v5748btpy8b6g |title=Pathfinder Roleplaying Game: Advanced Player’s Guide (OGL) Hardcover |publisher=paizo.com |date=2009-10-29 |accessdate=2010-06-03}}</ref>
* ''GameMastery Guide'': This 320-page hardcover book is a comprehensive guide to Game Mastering a ''Pathfinder'' game, as offering tips, guidelines, and additional rules. It was released in June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paizo.com/store/byCompany/p/paizoPublishingLLC/pathfinder/pathfinderRPG/v5748btpy88rc |title=Pathfinder Roleplaying Game: GameMastery Guide (OGL) Hardcover |publisher=paizo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-03}}</ref>
* ''Bestiary'', ''Bestiary 2'', and ''Bestiary 3'': Pathfinder’s version of the ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' v3.0 and v3.5 ''[[Monster Manual]]s''. The ''Pathfinder Bestiary'' includes over 350 monsters designed for use with the ''Pathfinder Roleplaying Game''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/v5748btpy8auu |title=Pathfinder Roleplaying Game: Bestiary (OGL) Hardcover |publisher=paizo.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-20}}</ref> The ''Pathfinder Bestiary 2'' (December 2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/v5748btpy8hif |title=Pathfinder Roleplaying Game: Bestiary 2 (OGL) Hardcover |publisher=paizo.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-20}}</ref> and ''Bestiary 3'' (December 2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paizo.com/products/btpy8odu?Pathfinder-Roleplaying-Game-Bestiary-3 |title=Pathfinder Roleplaying Game: Bestiary 3 (OGL) Hardcover |publisher=paizo.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-20}}</ref> each added a similar complement of additional monsters.
* ''Ultimate Magic'': Released in mid-May, 2011. It added a new base magic-using class, the magus, to the existing 14 base magic-using classes. It also added over 100 new spells and new feats. It added more options for the basic spell using classes including new bloodlines, druid domains, new familiars, etc.<ref>http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/v5748btpy8g7s</ref>
* ''Ultimate Combat'': Released in August 2011. It added 3 new base classes and rage powers, cavalier orders, and combat-cleric archetypes. It also included a complete system covering vehicle combat, including wagons, boats, airships, and optional combat rules like called shots, armor as damage reduction, and new ways to track character health.<ref>http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/v5748btpy8ies</ref>

== Additional material ==
* ''[http://paizo.com/store/paizoExclusives/v5748btpy88x4 Bonus Bestiary]'': This 16-page supplement was initially made available for [[Free RPG Day]] on June 20, 2009 and contains 13 different monsters.
* ''Pathfinder'' periodical products: In addition, the ''[[Pathfinder (periodical)|Pathfinder]]'' product lines, including the Adventure Paths, Companion, and Chronicles, began using the ''Pathfinder Roleplaying Game'' rules in August 2009. The ''Pathfinder Modules'' line is entirely ''PFRPG''-compatible since July 2009.

== Критика ==
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== Media mentions ==
The ''Pathfinder Roleplaying Game'' was mentioned in episode 11 of ''[[Atomic Array]]'': Lead Designer [[Jason Bulmahn]] gave an update on the development of the ''Pathfinder RPG''.<ref>[http://atomicarray.com/pathfinder-aa011 Pathfinder (Atomic Array 011)]. Retrieved 03 December 2008.</ref> In conjunction with the official release of the game at [[Gen Con Indy]] 2009, Paizo’s editorial staff appeared on ''Atomic Array'' again,<ref>[http://atomicarray.com/pathfinder-rpg-aa029 Pathfinder RPG (Atomic Array 029)]. Retrieved 14 August 2009.</ref> celebrating the longest open playtest in RPG history.

== Ссылки ==
* [http://www.d20pfsrd.com Pathfinder SRD] — Полная онлайновая версия правил «Pathfinder Roleplaying Game», включающая описание монстров из дополнений «Bestiary», «Bestiary Preview» и «Bonus Bestiary».
* [http://www.pathfinderwiki.com/ Вики Pathfinder] — источник информации по официальному сеттингу Paizo.
* [http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/prd/ Официальный SRD]
* [http://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/13/13695.phtml Pathfinder RPG Alpha] — обзор тестовой версии игры на сайте [[RPGnet]].
* [http://www.pathfindersrd.com/ pathfindersrd.com] — ещё один SRD, включающий и неофициальные материалы.

=== [[Программы-генераторы персонажей]] ===
* [http://www.trovetokens.com/pathfinder.html Pathfinder Character Generator]
* [http://venturecaptain.com/Character.aspx PFRPG Character Generator at Venture Captain]
* [http://www.pathguy.com/PathfinderCore.htm Javascript Pathfinder Character Generator (Core Rules)]

== Примечания ==
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[[Категория:Системы ролевых игр]]
[[Категория:Pathfinder|*]]
[[Категория:Dungeons and Dragons]]